TCRT5000 as a sensor

The TCRT5000 is widely used throughout the world as a proximity sensor. It is nothing but a pair of a photodiode and a IR (Infrared) LED in a special packed form.

This is set of transmitter (Infrared LED) and receiver (Phototransistor). In actual, the terminal diagram of this sensor is given by

 As we see one of the edge of this sensor (Marked in Red). This is the key to recognize the terminology of pin diagram. Hold this sensor vertically with this cutted edge as

At the very left side, connect one end of a resistor having value 220 (Ohm) and another terminal to 5V supply. The transmitter LED consumes current of 60 mA.

For receiver circuit, connect one end of a resistor (10K Ohm) and another end of resistor with the same 5V. Refer the following circuit diagram-

This circuit works 100% because I have verified it. This is also compatible with ARDUINO  development boards.

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EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE IS YOUR TEACHER, UNLESS YOU ARE A POOR STUDENT.

                        - BRYANT MCGILL

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Position of sensors

                  In very last article, we have seen the circuit diagram of a infrared transmitter - Receiver pair. Apart from the circuit diagram for the sensors in an Autonomous Robotic system, the position of sensors is also an important thing. In this article, I will present the sensor position of an AR system with some explanation.
There are two examples for sensor position, as below

          In these examples, one thing is noticeable; around centered sensors, there are two vertical lines which are 3 cm apart. In the last article Circuit diagram for sensor, I have considered a case that an AR ( autonomous system )  has to follow a 30mm (3cm) line. That's why, centered sensor place is restricted between a 3 cm (30mm) line. One can restrict the place of sensors outward the vertical line also. There are number of possibilities to place sensors. Out of which I had used both these cases which are shown in the diagrams above, and it really works 100%  for programming an embedded system. It gives huge extension for programming.
          That's it for now, very soon I will explain working of widely usable sensor which is TCRT5000.

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WHEN YOU SOP CHASING THE WRONG THINGS, YOU GIVE THE RIGHT THINGS A CHANCE TO CATCH YOU.....

                                    - UNKNOWN 

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Circuit Diagram for Sensors in Autonomous Robot system

As one proceed for the development of circuit design for the Autonomous Robot (AR) system, there needs to be proper sensor arrangement. So, in this article we will approach to the sensor circuit diagram. I used the circuit diagram as below

             In this circuit diagram, there are 5 sensors used. One sensor consists of an Tx-Rx pair ( Tx- Transmitter, Rx- Receiver) . It is easily differentiated from figure that one of these two diodes is a IR LED (IR- Infrared) while another one is a photodiode. I am really very sorry that I haven't used sign of photodiode in this figure ( photodiodes- D10, 9, 8, 7, 6).More specification of this circuit is given below.

 Resistor connected to IR LED - 220 Ohm

 Resistor connected to Photodiode- 10 Ohm

              The purpose for connecting low resistance for the IR LED is to increase brightness of LED, if, in opposite case a higher value resistance connected to LED, then there is more possibility of light with low brightness.

              In case of photodiode, it can work properly when we connect a resistor having value of 10K because of favourable conditions in the DC load line of the photodiode, in short, it becomes highly sensitive.

  Power Supply Requirement - 5V ( which can provide min. current of 500mA for driving the LED's)

Now comes the question of sensor position, So for approaching this issue; We must have to consider width of the line ( Which AR should follow). Let's consider width of a line is 30mm(3 cm). According to the logic for our programming which I have explained in the last article of Robotics

A grid solver Robot  One can create the logic.

        Very soon, I will explain with some case, how a sensor position in an AR  matters. That's enough for now. Wish you have great day!

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"IF YOU DON'T LIKE WHERE YOU ARE, THEN CHANGE IT; YOU ARE NOT A TREE"

                       - JIM ROHN 

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Basic Elements in Electronics

           Dear Friends, welcome back after a long interval of time. The topic of today is the aspects of electronics in terms of some basic elementary laws and some facts of it.

  Electrical Circuits:
           It can be defined as the systematic arrangement of basic components like R, L,C.

          Basically the term electronics is totally dependent on the electromagnetic theory. Now question arises 'What actually mean by electromagnetic theory?'
   Ans. Electromagnetic theory includes study of electric and magnetic fields, in which study from point charges to cloud of charges is included. This section includes electrostatic forces.
          Okay, let's come back to the main topic. The purpose of mentioning of the electromagnetic theory is to introduce the concept of electric current and electric potential difference.

Voltage : As the concept of electric potential tells us, that a potential on a point charge like electron or a proton due to an electric field. Now assume that a charge moves from one point to other point (let's say initial position r1 to final position r2 ). Now obviously there may be two different potentials at these two positions , so, in other words we can say that there is an energy which is gained by that point charge. The gain in energy is given by,
         
    amount of energy gained by that particle = q*( V1 - V2 ).

In other words, 1 joule of energy is obtained when a point charge of 1 coulomb is moved from one position to other position where the potential difference is 1V. Obviously this definition will like little bit tedious. In terms of equation I can represent as,
              
                                  (1C)*(1V)= (1J).
or,                             
                                  (1J)/(1C) = (1V).
                                            
Current : It can be represented in terms of the charge flowing through the point in presence of an electric field. But the current in terms of electric field will like some tedious equation. So the current is represented in terms of voltage (potential difference between two points due to electric field). 
                 So, current is rate of flow of charge through a given surface like a conductor.
                 
                              d(q)/dt = I.

Dear friends, all of us we know the importance of electronics in our day to day life. In the next post I will introduce more interesting topic. Wish you have a great day.

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Energy and persistence conquer all things.

                                   - Benjamin Franklin.

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